PSY624-3.2_Final Project Milestone One_Draft of Literature Review.docx- Snhu

Description

PSY624-3.2_Final Project Milestone One_Draft of Literature Review.docx- Snhu

One of the primary priorities of incarceration is providing treatments and rehabilitation to reduce recidivism rates (Jeglic, Maile, & Calkins-Mercado, 2015). Between the 1950s and 1960s, some researchers provided evidence regarding the effectiveness of treating criminals, however, in 1974, Martinson reviewed 230 studies in regard to treatment, concluding no real effectiveness in treatments (Martin, 1974). Additionally, the findings demonstrated a shift in approach from rehabilitative to punitive. Andrews et al. (1990) set out to identify a theory explaining why some treatments are deemed effective while others were not. As a result, the risk–need–responsibility (RNR) model was developed to assess the success of treatment programs and has been empirically supported for its effectiveness in evaluating offender treatment programs (Andrews, Bonta, & Hoge, 1990; Andrews & Bonta, 1998). The RNR model focuses on three core rehabilitation principles: risk, need, and responsibility (Jeglic et al., 2015).

PSY624-3.2_Final Project Milestone One_Draft of Literature Review.docx- Snhu

Treatments, in relation to offender’s risk to the community, relay “offenders who are identified as being at high risk to re offend should receive the most intensive treatment available, whereas offenders identified as low risk should receive less intensive treatment (p.38)”; as for the need principle, therapies should address the needs of the offender and offer modifications to risk factors that are susceptible to change; lastly, responsibility principle relates to the treatment reflecting the offender’s “learning style, motivational level, and cultural background (p.38)” (Jeglic et al., 2015). Thus, violent, non-violent, and trauma victim treatments may differ significantly, but also consist of similar strategies.Cognitive behavioral therapy interventions focus on challenging and modifying distorted thoughts, beliefs and behaviors, improving ‘emotional regulation’, and the development of effective coping strategies (Beck, 2011).

PSY624-3.2_Final Project Milestone One_Draft of Literature Review.docx- Snhu

• PSY 211 – Lifespan Development (5015 Documents),
• PSY 215 – Abnormal Psychology (4335 Documents),
• PSY 108 – Introduction to Psychology (3759 Documents),
• PSY 223 – Statistics for Psychology Research (2652 Documents),
• PSY 216 – Psychology of Personality (1841 Documents),
• PSY 510 – Research Methods (1748 Documents),
• PSY 520 – Research Methods in Psychology II (1469 Documents),
• PSY 257 – Psychology (1451 Documents),
• PSY 310 – Criminal Psychology (1393 Documents),
• PSY 200 – FOUNDATIONS OF ADDICTIONS (1379 Documents),